formalised project structure

bcrypt/lib/format.py

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+from typing import Any
+from bcrypt.lib.math import clamp_min
+
+'''
+Apply left padding to str(x) for parameter x: Any 
+'''
+def lpad(x: Any, n: int, pad: chr = ' ') -> str:
+    x = str(x)
+    width = clamp_min(n - len(x), 0)
+    return width * pad + x
+
+'''
+Left pad an integer's binary representation with zeros 
+'''
+def lpadbin(x: int, n: int) -> str:
+    return lpad(bin(x)[2:], n, pad='0')
+

bcrypt/lib/math.py

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+'''
+Implements numeric range clamping (idk why its not in the stdlib...)
+NOTE: the upper and lower bounds for clamping are inclusive 
+'''
+def clamp(x: int, min: int, max: int) -> int:
+    if x < min:
+        return min
+    elif x > max:
+        return max
+    return x
+
+def clamp_min(x: int, min: int) -> int:
+    return x if x > min else min
+
+def clamp_max(x: int, max: int) -> int:
+    return x if x < max else max